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The element silicon was discovered in 1824 in Sweden by Jons Jacob Berzelius. The word silicon comes from the Latin word "silicis" which means "flint". Silicon's chemical symbol is "Si" which comes from the first two letters of its name. In color, silicon is dark grey with a bluish tinge. Silicon is solid, and it is also a halogen. It has an atomic number of 14, and an atomic mass of 28.0855. It's melting point is 1683.15 K, and its boiling point is 2628.15 K. Silicon is found in a group 14 and period 3 of the periodic table. It is classified as a metalloid and has a cubic structure.
Silicon is a very common element both on earth and in space. It is present in the sun and stars ad is a principle component of a class of meteorites known as aerolites. Silicon makes up 25.7 percent of the earth's crust by weight, and is the second most abundant element, exceeded only by oxygen. Silicon comprises 25% of the earth's crust. It is also found in many oxides and minerals.
Silicon is used in a wide variety of things, and is one of man's most useful elements. In the form of sand an clay it is used to make concrete and brick. In the form of silicates it is used in making enamels and pottery. As sand, it is a principle ingredient of glass. It is also used a lot in alloys and electronic devices. Silicon is also important to plant and animal life. Diatoms in both fresh and salt water extract silica from the water to build their cell walls. It is also present in the ashes of plants and in the human skeleton. It is also an important ingredient in steel.
Silicon is the second most abundant
element. It is a very common element that is used in a wide variety
of things. It is mainly used in alloys and electronic devices, but
is is used in many other things as well. It is very useful to humans
as well as plants and animals. Without silicon we would not have
many items that are useful to us today.
Here is a table with basic information about silicon:
| Name | Silicon |
| Symbol | Si |
| Number of protons and neurtons | 14 |
| Atomic number | 14 |
| Atomic mass | 28.0855 |
| Number of Valence Electrons | 4+ |
Atomic
structure:
A picture of silicon
Number
of Energy Levels: 3
First Energy Level: 2
Second Energy Level: 8
Third Energy Level: 4
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Isotopes:
Shown as isotope, half-life, and natural abundance (if available).
22Si 6 milliseconds
23Si
24Si 102 milliseconds
25Si 220 milliseconds
26Si 2.234 seconds
27Si 4.16 seconds
28Si stable %Abundance = 92.23
29Si stable %Abundance = 4.67
30Si stable %Abundance = 3.10
31Si 157.3 minutes
32Si 150 years
33Si 6.18 seconds
34Si 2.77 seconds
35Si 0.78 seconds
36Si 0.45 seconds
37Si
38Si
39Si
40Si
41Si
42Si
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